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good afternoon

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welcome to the campus of george

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washington university in downtown

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washington d.c for what promises to be a

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very remarkable afternoon

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my name is john logsdon i'm the director

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of the space policy institute here at

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gw's elliot school of international

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affairs we're a very happy co-host along

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with lockheed martin and nasa of this

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afternoon's lecture by

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professor stephen and lucy hawking

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which promises to be

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something that will be special

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professor hawkins has prepared a brand

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new lecture this is its first

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showing or talking this afternoon and

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and i think that's remarkable my job is

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to quickly get out of the way by

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introducing uh for a formal welcome the

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16th president of george washington

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university dr steven knapp

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thank you very much professor logsdon on

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behalf of the board of trustees and the

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faculty of the george washington

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university it's a pleasure to welcome

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you all this afternoon to the third

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lecture in a series celebrating the 50th

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anniversary of nasa i'd like to thank

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the events sponsors lockheed martin and

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nasa for choosing the george washington

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university as a venue for this important

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event and i'd particularly like to uh

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acknowledge the presence here of shannon

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dale who is the deputy administrator of

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nasa who's here with us today and it's a

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pleasure to be sitting here also with

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lucy hawking in the front of the theater

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time does not permit me to acknowledge

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all the distinguished members of today's

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audience but you are all welcome for

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what i know will be a very exciting and

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stimulating lecture

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gw has worked closely with nasa for most

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of the agency's existence

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nasa's second administrator in fact

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james e webb

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studied law at gw in the 1930s and was a

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member of the gw board of trustees from

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1951 to 1963

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as nasa administrator

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webb in 1964 asked gw to turn its

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attention to the policy implications of

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the u.s space program and for the more

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than 40 years since then gw has made

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space policy a focus of its research and

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its graduate education efforts

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we established the space policy

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institute in 1987 as part of the elliott

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school of international affairs and that

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institute has become the leading center

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of space policy studies in the world

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much of the institute's research and

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outreach activities has been supported

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by nasa grants and contracts and we

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appreciate nasa's confidence in the

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quality of the space institute's work we

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also appreciate the continuing support

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that lockheed martin has provided to the

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space policy institute from its very

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inception

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the institute's focus on space policy is

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typical of the innovative character of

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gw's elliott school of international

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affairs one of the nation's leading

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schools of international affairs the

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elliott school seeks to create knowledge

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share wisdom and inspire action to

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address global challenges

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my role is not to introduce professor

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hawking that honor falls to ambassador

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richard m russell associate director of

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the office of science and technology

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policy in the executive office of the

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president i will note only that

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professor hawking's pioneering mind is

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one of the greatest of our era and that

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he has combined profound insights

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into the nature of the universe with an

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admirable commitment to making those

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insights available to the general public

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it is a privilege as well as an honor to

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have him on our campus

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it's now my pleasure to introduce

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ambassador russell who serves both as

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associate director of the ostp and as

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deputy director for technology mr

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russell was nominated by the president

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confirmed by the senate in august 2002

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he served as president bush's ambassador

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to the 2007 world radio communication

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conference

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he first joined ostp as chief of staff

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in 2001 following a decade of service on

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capitol hill where he worked on science

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and technology issues in both houses of

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thank you dr knapp

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it is truly an honor and a pleasure to

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introduce the speakers for the third in

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the series of nasa lectures that

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celebrates nasa's 50th anniversary year

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these lectures are a unique opportunity

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opportunity for prominent leaders to

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address matters of global interest in

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the areas of space

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exploration scientific discovery

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aeronautics research to audiences of key

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policy makers

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corporate leaders academics and the

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public sector

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i would also like to acknowledge shannon

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dale the deputy administrator of nasa

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for establishing this series and

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it really is going to be a treat this

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afternoon to listen to professor hawking

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and lucy hawking

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today we have a unique father-daughter

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pair with us not much to me needs to be

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said about professor stephen hawking who

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is one of the world's foremost

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cosmologists and astrophysicists

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since 1979 he has been the lucian

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professor of mathematics at cambridge

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university

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a seat once held by sir isaac newton

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i'm actually a stand-in for the

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president's science advisor dr john

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marburger who unfortunately has the flu

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today but he wanted me to recount a

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story to you about how important

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professor hawking's work is in terms of

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being able to translate science

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into something that's understandable for

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the public

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dr marberger used to be the head of the

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brookhaven national laboratory and while

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he was there

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they attempted to start up the

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relativistic heavy ion collider also

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known as rick

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that caused a lawsuit there was a claim

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that

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if rick was turned on we would create a

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black hole

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and it would eat the world

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now that may sound funny but

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unfortunately the public actually

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believed that a black hole might be

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created and

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professor and at that point director of

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the national laboratory marberger

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turned to professor hawking

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and asked for advice and asked for him

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to give advice to the press and it is

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because of his advice that we should not

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worry about being consumed by a black

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hole if the collider was turned on that

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it allowed brookhaven to move forward

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with the collider so dr marburger wanted

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to both express his sadness and not

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being here today but also his

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pleasure and thanks for the wonderful

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work that professor hawkins has done not

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only in terms of

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understanding of physics but also in

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terms of being able to write relate to

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the general public directly and

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move science forward

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professor hawking's lecture

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which is titled why we should go into

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space was written especially for this

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event and he considers it a 50th

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birthday present for nasa and quite a

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birthday present i'm sure it will be

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his daughter lucy is a journalist and

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author lucy and her father have

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co-authored a book for children called

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george's secret key to the universe

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which was published in october and

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there's a second book on the way

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professor hawking will initially speak

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for a few minutes followed by lucy and

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then professor hawking will complete his

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lecture

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and with that i would like to

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introduce and welcome professor hawking

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can you hear me

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why should we go into space

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what is the justification for spending

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all that effort and money on getting a

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few lumps of moon rock

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aren't there better causes here on earth

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in a way the situation is like that in

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europe before 1492.

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people might well have argued that it

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was a waste of money to send columbus on

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a wild goose chase

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yet the discovery of the new world made

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a profound difference to the old

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just think we wouldn't have had a big

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mac or kfc

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spreading out into space will have an

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even greater effect

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it will completely change the future of

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the human race and maybe determine

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whether we have any future at all

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it won't solve any of our immediate

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problems on planet earth but it will

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give us a new perspective on them and

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cause us to look outwards rather than

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adwords

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hopefully it would unite us to face a

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common challenge

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this would be a long-term strategy and